International
Classification of Diseases (ICD)
ICD-10 was endorsed by the Forty-third World
Health Assembly in May 1990 and came into use in WHO Member States as from 1994.
The classification is the latest in a series which has its origins in the 1850s.
The first edition, known as the International List of Causes of Death, was
adopted by the International Statistical Institute in 1893. WHO took over the
responsibility for the ICD at its creation in 1948 when the Sixth Revision,
which included causes of morbidity for the first time, was published. The World
Health Assembly adopted in 1967 the WHO Nomenclature Regulations that stipulate
use of ICD in its most current revision for mortality and morbidity statistics
by all Member States.
The ICD is the international standard diagnostic
classification for all general epidemiological, many health management purposes
and clinical use. These include the analysis of the general health situation of
population groups and monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases and
other health problems in relation to other variables such as the characteristics
and circumstances of the individuals affected, reimbursement, resource
allocation, quality and guidelines.
It is used to classify diseases and other health
problems recorded on many types of health and vital records including death
certificates and health records. In addition to enabling the storage and
retrieval of diagnostic information for clinical, epidemiological and quality
purposes, these records also provide the basis for the compilation of national
mortality and morbidity statistics by WHO Member States.